secondary market

Prosper Reopens for California Lenders, Nationwide Borrowers

wiseclerk 2 Comments

Prosper.com has restarted offering p2p lending to customers after an SEC imposed 6 months stop (quiet period).

Prosper chief executive Chris Larsen said the California Department of Corporations has authorized the company to resume raising money in California and then lending it out under a system that lets borrowers and lenders use bids to set the interest rates on loans. “I hope this leads to wider acceptance of peer-to-peer lending,” said Commissioner of Corporations Preston DuFauchard. He said the state’s experience with Prosper, prior to the SEC intervention, made it “comfortable” that its bidding system gives lenders the information they need to invest in loans wisely.

Prosper hopes to reopen for lenders from other states but it remains uncertain when Prosper will be allowed to do so.

Prosper raises the minimum credit score required to 640 (Grade C under the old rating). This applies only to new borrowers. Borrowers registered before the quiet period that have lower credit grades can still apply for second loans (example: loan listing of a HR borrower).

Besides “direct” p2p loan listings, Prosper offers “Open Market Listings“, which are described as following:

Open Market loans are existing loans that were underwritten by financial institutions that are credit experts in areas such as auto loans, small business loans or social impact loans. The loan seller describes the loan in an Open Market listing, and then sells and assigns the loan to Prosper.

Open Market loans may include existing consumer loans or retail installment sale contracts. They can be secured or unsecured loans, and may include small business loans, where the borrower is a business entity, not an individual.

Open Market listings describe the existing Open Market loan, owned by the loan seller, which is offered for sale on the Prosper marketplace. Each listing displays information to assist the lender in making an informed bidding decision. Lenders can review the sale price for the Open Market loan, the yield percentage that corresponds to the sales price, the remaining principal balance of the loan and the interest rate the borrower is obligated to pay on the loan.

In some instances on auto loans, you can even see the factory where the car was built. This is all part of the transparency Prosper brings to the marketplace so that you can make informed decisions on how to invest your money.

Prosper plans a secondary market which in future will allow lenders to trade notes.

(Sources: Prosper, San Francisco Chronicle)

Prosper Plans Open Market Loans

wiseclerk 1 Comment

Prosper.com, which is still in quiet period and not allowing new loans, made a new SEC filing yesterday. In this third amendment to the S-1 filing makes several amendments, most notably introducing securitization for initial offerings of loans.

Prosper plans “Open market loans”, which apparently are loans issued by traditional lenders which being securitized and resold to Prosper lenders. I am somewhat sceptical how many Prosper lenders will like the “open market loans” offer. To me this seems a far excursion from the peer to peer lending idea.

In the filing Prosper states that FolioFn will be the operator of the Prosper secondary market (named “Folio Investing Note Trader Platform”). FolioFn already operates the Note Trading Platform of Lending Club.

More changes in the new filing are in a review in this blog post at P2PLendingNews.

Lubbus.com – p2p lending in Spain

wiseclerk 1 Comment

The Spanish translation of p2p lending is “Préstamos P2P”.  In 2008 Vicente de Luna (Economist and lawyer, expert on finance and taxation of companies) and Maria J. Bustamente (Lawyer specialized in collection and recovery) founded the company P2P Lending, S. L. The company operates the p2p lending site Lubbus.com. The site is online since January 1st, but not in operation yet. It is based on invitation only registration of users. For the  launch Lubbus awaits the go ahead of the Data Protection Authorities, which currently are reviewing the invitation system.

Users can be registered only through an invitation from a relative or friend, who benefits or suffers (in case of non-repayment) economically (0.10%) of any transaction the invited user makes. There is also a voting mechanism.

Lubbus.com charges a fee of 1% from lenders and 1.5% of the loan amount from borrowers. Lubbus offers the borrowers optional insurance which covers risks like unemployment (2.5% fee of the insured amount).

Lubbus has a secondary market (“mercado secundario“). The unusual feature about it is, that not only lenders can trade loans, but the secondary market also allows borrowers to repay early and let another borrower step in and continue to use the remaining loan. Lubbus charges a 1% fee on transactions. As a lender on an affected loan I would be wary of the exchange of the person I did lend to.

Credit scores used are supplied by Delta-R and Axesor.

Founder Vicente de Luna told P2P-Banking.com:

It is quite possible that in March [it] can function .. as the social platform. Community Projects will be effected through a foundation that works with local NGOs in various countries of the Third World. If all goes well, the business model is to develop in all Spanish speaking countries as possible (2010). Now it is possible for users [with an] domiciled bank account in Spain [to sign up]. We are the first Spanish company to invest in the p2p lending [market]. We hope to have over 3000 registered user in the first half of 2009.

Which of my predictions for p2p lending trends 2008 came true?

wiseclerk 7 Comments

In January 2008 I made some predictions what might happen in p2p lending this year. Now I’ll check on those (the black colored text is the original text, the green and red texts are the review as of today):

More competition and entering more national markets (probability 100%)
In many markets multiple p2p lending services will compete for the attention of lenders and borrowers, especially in the largest market: In the United States Globefunder.com and Loanio.com will launch. In other markets, where there is no national p2p lending service established yet (e.g. Canada, New Zealand, Spain), p2p lending will be introduced by the launch of a service.

Loanio did launch, but went into quiet period shortly afterwards. As did Prosper. Zopa US closed. Fynanz launched. Competition in the US is in fact lower than at the End of last year. Internationally several p2p lending services launched.

Insurance against defaults (probability 75%)
Not totally new, since Boober.nl and Smava.de already offer some protection of the loan principal. Insurance can be implemented as a classical insurance product (supplied by an insurance company) or as a market mechanism, spreading the risk over multiple loans.

Several p2p lending services offer insurance.

Secondary market (probability 25%)
One of the disadvantages for lenders currently is that on all p2p lending platforms, the invested money i locked in for the duration of the loan term. Prosper.com has already announced that it plans a secondary market, enabling lenders to sell and buy loans any time. Depending on the market there are huge regulatory hurdles to allow trading of loans. For example German executives told P2P-Banking.com that on the German market a secondary market is unlikely for years to come.

Zopa Italy and Lending Club introduced secondary markets.

Cross-market lending (probability <25%)
Aside form the social lending approaches (Kiva, MyC4, Microplace) so far all service are open only for lenders and borrowers that live in the same market. If lenders could lend to borrowers in markets with higher key interest rate than the market the lender lives in, the advantages could outweight the risks. In the European Union due to the Euro zone there would be no currency exchange risk. Again there are steep regulatory hurdles to be taken.

Has not happened.

Variable interest loans (probability ?)
So far all loans are for fixed terms (prepayment allowed) with fixed interest rates. Variable interest loans could add flexibility. The interest rate could rise or decline following an indicator (e.g. market prime rate). Another possibility would be a mechanism where the variable interest rate would rise or fall as a result of the level of defaults of the credit grade. This could protect lenders, if the actual default ratio is higher then the forecasted default ratio.

Fynanz loans have variable rates. But this is the only example so far.

Third party bidding management (probability?)
Just a thought. Lenders could allow a third party to manage their portfolio. Like an investment funds the lender would invest an amount of money, while the funds manager does the actual selection of loans. This could possibly be done by a sophisticated software (would you trust this?) selecting loans by statistical analysis of performance of loans with similiar parameters or by a fonds manager. The later is unlikely because the amount of time needed for each loan is too high to be covered by fees.

Prosper introduced bidding via API in February.

I’ll publish my p2p lending predictions for 2009 in January.

First loans for sale on Lending Club’s Note Trading Platform

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A day after the start of the secondary market (see: “Lending Club allows lenders to trade their investments“) of Lendingclub.com, today 3 loans are offered for sale. I doubt that these Lendingclub loans will find a buyer, since they are all more then 60 days late and the discounts of the asking price versus the outstanding interest and accrued interest are rather small (13.64% to 23.13%). But maybe someone will purchase the first note (it’s only 20 US$) just to experience and test the process.

There have also been reports by lenders, that do not fit the new requirements, but were able to sign up at FolioFn, raising the question if these lenders can buy notes even if they are prohibited from lending themselves.

screenshot

Lending Club allows lenders to trade their investments

wiseclerk 3 Comments

Lendingclub.com has introduced a secondary market for lenders. This is a major step, because one disadvantage for lenders in p2p lending was the lack of liquidity. Once the money was lend it was tied up (apart from repayments) until the end of the loan term (typically 36 months and more).

Through it’s secondary market – called Note Trading Platform Lendingclub allows lenders to offer their loans (or more precisely notes representing these loans) to other lenders.

Sellers list Notes that they would like to sell and enter an asking price. Buyers browse Notes that are available for sale, review payment history and the evolution of the borrower’s credit score, and buy Notes at the asking price. Buy orders received before 4pm Eastern time will generally settle same day, while buy orders received after 4pm Eastern time will settle next day.

Information about the Notes
Each listing contains the Note’s interest rate, issue date, outstanding principal, accrued interest, number of payments left, payment history to date, and the variation of the credit score of the underlying borrower since the issue date. Note, however, that the Notes are not “re-graded” over time, so you should not rely on grades assigned to Notes at the time they were issued to assess the current risk of a Note.

The Lending Club note trading platform is operated by FolioFn, a registered broker dealer. Foliofn charges to the seller a trading fee equal to 1% of the transaction amount. There is no fee charged to buyers.

Right now there are no notes offered for sale.